朝鲜设有被称为“管理所”（kwanliso）的政治犯收容所。2014年，联合国调查委员会估计里面关押着8万到12万人，并认定里面发生的事构成危害人类罪（灭绝、谋杀、奴役、酷刑、强奸、强迫堕胎）。朝鲜说这些收容所不存在。你在卫星图像上就能看到它们。
两种收容所
管理所：政治犯收容所
关押被国家视为敌人的人，常常连同他们的全家。许多是“完全控制区”，进去的人永远不会被释放。囚犯在饥饿口粮下挖煤、伐木、种地、在工厂干活。
教化所：“再教育”监狱
关押被判有罪的人，比如看韩国电视、未经许可做买卖或试图出逃的人。刑期有结束的日子，但幸存者描述的强迫劳动和死亡率，听起来和政治犯收容所差不多。
除此之外还有短期拘留所和审讯中心。从中国被遣返的人通常最先被送到那里。
人们是怎样被关进去的？
侮辱领袖、信教、和韩国人接触，或者仅仅因为是做了这些事的人的亲属。在连坐制下，政权会把“犯人”的父母、子女和兄弟姐妹也送进收容所。《逃出14号劳改营》的主人公申东赫说，他就是在收容所里出生的。
已知的收容所
这些收容所都标在情报地图上，位置是大致的。它们的状态来自卫星分析和脱北者证词，所以会比实际情况晚几个月甚至几年（请记住这一点）。
© Esri, MaxarCamp 14, Kaechon14호 개천 관리소 · South Pyongan Province
Total control zone where prisoners are never released. Shin Dong-hyuk (Escape from Camp 14) says he was born here.
© Esri, MaxarCamp 15, Yodok15호 요덕 관리소 · South Hamgyong Province
Had a "revolutionizing zone" from which some prisoners were released, which is why most early camp testimony comes from here. Kang Chol-hwan (The Aquariums of Pyongyang) was held here as a child.
© Esri, MaxarCamp 16, Hwasong16호 화성 관리소 · North Hamgyong Province
The largest known political prison camp, a few km from the Punggye-ri nuclear test site. Tens of thousands of prisoners estimated.
© Esri, MaxarCamp 18, Pukchang18호 북창 관리소 · South Pyongan Province
Mining camp across the river from Camp 14. Reports suggest it was closed or merged in the 2000s, though parts may still be used.
© Esri, MaxarCamp 22, Hoeryong22호 회령 관리소 · North Hamgyong Province
Once one of the largest camps. Closed around 2012. What happened to its prisoners is unknown.
© Esri, MaxarCamp 25, Chongjin25호 청진 관리소 · North Hamgyong Province
Political prison camp on the edge of Chongjin. Satellite imagery showed new guard posts and buildings in the 2010s.
© Esri, MaxarKyohwaso No. 1, Kaechon1호 개천 교화소 · South Pyongan Province
Re-education prison for people convicted of crimes. Survivors describe forced labor and high death rates.
© Esri, MaxarKyohwaso No. 12, Chongori12호 전거리 교화소 · North Hamgyong Province
Holds many people forcibly sent back from China after escaping. Testimony describes starvation and abuse, especially of women.
本站追踪的全部24处设施见收容所页面（英文）。
情况在好转吗？很难说。一些研究者，比如转型正义工作组（TJWG）TTransitional Justice Working Group (TJWG)Seoul · since 2014 · Active, funding hitMaps execution and burial sites and builds the evidence base for future accountability and transitional justice.，看到迹象表明金正恩时代政治犯收容所的人数减少了，而普通监狱的人数增加了。但联合国2025年的报告发现，2014年之后的十年里，整体镇压是变本加厉，而不是有所好转。
谁在记录它们
Committee for Human Rights in North Korea 发布针对单个收容所的卫星图像分析（它的报告《隐藏的古拉格》（Hidden Gulag）是标准参考资料）。
NKDB 维护一个人权侵害数据库，以及一个根据数万份证词建立的监狱数据库。
Korea Future 逐案记录朝鲜的刑罚体系，并点出加害者的名字。- TTransitional Justice Working Group 标出处决和埋葬地点，为将来追究责任做准备。
推荐阅读
《平壤的水族馆》（The Aquariums of Pyongyang，作者姜哲焕，9岁被关进耀德）和《逃出14号劳改营》（Escape from Camp 14，作者布莱恩·哈登）是最有名的亲历记述。申东赫后来修改了自己故事的部分细节，不过他所描述的核心内容与其他证词相符。更多书目见书库（英文）。
Sent to the Yodok prison camp at age 9 with his whole family. The book that put the camps on the map for many readers.The Aquariums of PyongyangKang Chol-hwan & Pierre Rigoulot · 2000
Shin Dong-hyuk’s account of being born inside a political prison camp.Shin later revised parts of his story (2015). The core account matches other testimony.Disputed detailsEscape from Camp 14Blaine Harden · 2012
Former state distribution supervisor imprisoned in Kyohwaso No. 1 (Kaechon) for six years. One of the earliest testimonies on ordinary penal camps.Some specific torture claims differ from descriptions by later defectors, but general camp conditions match.Disputed detailsEyes of the Tailless AnimalsSoon Ok Lee · 1999
Former lieutenant colonel in the Ministry of Public Security sent to Camp 14 and Camp 18 after his father’s past was discovered; the only known survivor to escape both.Long Road HomeKim Yong & Kim Suk-young · 2009
简短回答
- 朝鲜的收容所里关着多少人？
- 联合国调查委员会2014年估计，政治犯收容所（管理所）关押着8万到12万人。还有更多人进出普通监狱和拘留所。目前没有最新的准确数字。
- 朝鲜的政治犯收容所还在运作吗？
- 是的。卫星图像显示，好几座政治犯收容所仍在运作，包括14号（价川）、16号（化城）和25号（清津）。一些较老的收容所，比如22号（会宁），已经关闭。
- 为什么整个家庭会被送进朝鲜的收容所？
- 在连坐制下，被控政治犯罪的人的亲属也可能被关押，有时牵连三代人。这让反抗的代价变得极高。
